27 April 2014

From the Web: Thou, Thee, Thine and Thy

Did you know that just a couple hundred years ago, English, as is common in most European languages, used to have a familiar, singular form of you and a plural / polite form of you? 

This form can still be used and heard today in church services and hymns. You'll also find it in 16th and 17th century English literature, such as in the works of Shakespeare or the 1611 King James Version of the Bible, the latter being still widely used in churches today across Great Britain and the United States today. Shakespeare's writings and the 1611 Bible are the works of literature that have had the largest influence and greatest impact on today's modern, spoken English, contributing many commonly used expressions and vocabulary used today.

The conjugation for the 2nd and 3rd persons singular was also different. 

Here, look at these charts taken from : http://alt-usage-english.org/pronoun_paradigms.html


SubjectiveObjectivePossessivePresent Tense
Verb Ending
1st Pers. Sing.Imemy/mine[1] none
2nd Pers. Sing.thoutheethy/thine[1] -est
3rd Pers. Sing.he/she/ithim/her/ithis/her/its-eth
1st Pers. Pluralweusournone
2nd Pers. Pluralye/you[2]youyournone
3rd Pers. Pluraltheythemtheirnone
[1]: "Mine" and "thine" were used before "h" and vowels, much as "an" was.
[2]: "You" had replaced "ye" for most plural uses by 1600.

to be - Present tenseto have - Present tense
I amI have
thou artthou hast
he/she/it ishe/she/it hath
we arewe have
ye areye have
they arethey have

As an example of this form, take a look at The Lord's Prayer as translated in the 1611 King James Bible.


The Lord's Prayer

 

Our Father, which art in heaven,
Hallowed be thy Name.
Thy Kingdom come.
Thy will be done in earth,
As it is in heaven.
Give us this day our daily bread.
And forgive us our trespasses,
As we forgive them that trespass against us.
And lead us not into temptation,
But deliver us from evil.
For thine is the kingdom,
The power, and the glory,
For ever and ever.
Amen.



To learn more, go to the above link!

26 April 2014

Idioms: To blow a gasket / to blow a fuse

Yosemite Sam blowing a gasket!

To blow a gasket / fuse means to suddenly explode with anger, shout and behave in a violent way.

These expressions are a late 19th century and 20th century addition to the English language and they probably originated in the United States. The image is of a gasket (une joint) in old machines suddenly breaking without warning causing the steam to suddenly explode out. 

The same imagery is found for the fuse (un plomb, une fusilble) version of the expression. What happens when there is an electrical overload? 


25 April 2014

Political Cartoon: Sherlock of Holder Hot on the Trail


to be hot on the trail of someone or something = very close behind someone or something, and about to catch them

a suspect = someone the police believe may have committed a crime

In the cartoon you see a caricature of the Attorney General of the United States, Eric Holder. His position in the US government is the French equivalent to something between procureur général, ministre de la justice and garde des sceaux (but without any control over courts and judges). He is the main legal advisor in the government. The judicial system is separate and independent in the US.

Grammar note for 'attorney-general': This is one of those rare occasions when an adjective in English comes after the noun. The plural form of this word is attorneys-general. Other examples would be terms such as mother-in-law becoming mothers-in-law.

For my students: What message or idea is the cartoonist trying to convey?



Vocabulary: Describing a Crime Drama (Answers)


Here are the answers to yesterdays definitions as well as the real title episodes.


Note: for expressions, there are no spaces in the puzzle


  1. psychopath
  2. russian roulette
  3. crack
  4. solve
  5. investigate
  6. break-in (note: just noticed that I forgot to include this term in the puzzle)
  7. death
  8. trail
  9. disappearance
  10. case
  11. kidnap
  12. symbol
  13. suspicious
  14. police officer
  15. unrelated
  16. standoff
  17. coded
  18. deduce
  19. poisonous
  20. clue
  21. fatally
  22. murder
  23. link
  24. spy
  25. smuggling ring
  26. book cipher
  27. top-secret
  28. adversary
  29. serial killer
  30. assassination
  31. explosive belt
  32. clearup
  33. reveal
  34. commit suicide
  35. drown
  36. taunt
  37. sniper


Extra Exercise 1 Answers:
  • Episode 1 - 'A Study in Pink"
  • Episode 2 - 'The Blind Banker'
  • Episode 3 - 'The Great Game' 

24 April 2014

NEW SIDE BAR: List of Podcasts

Take a note that I've been reworking the sidebars and I've added a new one with a list of podcasts. There are a lot podcasts dedicated to learning English and all of them are free to download. Some of them (usually the American one) have learning guides you can also download but require paid membership. Don't let that discourage you though because even though the learning guides are really well done, useful and provide further information; they are not absolutely necessary. Having said that, the expense for them is worth it.

I'm also including podcasts on a variety of other topics in English, not necessarily targeting learners of English, but are extremely necessary for learners of English since it's very important to immerse yourself in the native speakers' worlds to truly understand their language, culture and way at looking at the world.

The sidebar is still a work in progress and over time, so keep checking back. The information is constantly being updated and added to.

English in the News: T. Rex Arrives in Washington (Answers & Key Vocabulary)

Answers to yesterday's English in the News video:

1. True or False. The excavation of the T. Rex fossil took place a while ago? True. The excavation took place years ago. (26 to be exact though not mentioned in video)


2. What expression does he use to show the importance of the T. Rex’s arrival? significant thing

3. Why is this T. Rex so important to them? it's a first for them to have a complete T. Rex skeleton; they never had one of any kind before

4. What roles will the T. Rex play in the new exhibit? centerpiece of the new exhibit and an ambassador for paleontology and the museum

5. What opportunities will the T. Rex offer? education and outreach

6. True or False. This is the first time this T. Rex has been on display. False. It was in the Museum of the Rockies

7. True or False. Thanks to the Army Corps of Engineers, this T. Rex will be at the Smithsonian for 15 years. False. It is on loan to the museum for 50 years.

8. Why does Lt. Gen. Bostick think it’s very important for the Smithsonian to have the most complete T. Rex at the Smithsonian in the nation’s capitol? It will mean a lot to the visitors and all those that come through the museum.

Key Vocabulary

an excavation = the process of digging in the ground to find thingsfrom the past

significant = very important

a centerpiece (or centrepiece in British English) the most important object or decoration in a particular place

exhibit (American term for exhibition) = a public show or performance or other interesting things that are put so that other people can go look at them

a fossil = an animal or a plant, or part of one, that lived a long time ago and is preserved in rock

outreach = the act of going to the community to give help, support or advice before they ask for it. 

on loan = if something is on loan, then someone is borrowing. Here, the museum is borrrowing the T. Rex.

to mean a lot = it communicates importance and feeling

to come through = to pass through, visit


Vocabulary: Describing a Crime Drama (with word search puzzle)

Below are the synopses (irregular plural of synopsis) of the three episodes  of the first season of the acclaimed BBC series, ‘Sherlock’ which aired in 2010. Following those summaries are definitions for words and expressions dealing with a crime drama and mystery that can be found in those descriptions.


The words or expressions that match those definitions can be found (sometimes more than once) in the ‘word search’ puzzle at the end of this post. Please note that most of the words in the text will be in their base form in the puzzle unless otherwise noted. (e.g. wishes – wish / flattened – flatten / boys – boy, etc..)

Ok, the game is afoot (= starting to happen) !! 

Note: You can print this post out by clicking on the ‘Print/PDF’ button at the bottom of this post.

Episode 1 


The police investigate the deaths of a series of people who all appear to have committed suicide by taking a poisonous pill. They turn to their unofficial consultant, Sherlock Holmes, who deduces various elements pointing to a serial killer. Meanwhile, Holmes is introduced to John Watson, a former soldier who served in Afghanistan, and the pair immediately move into a flat in Baker Street. John Watson slowly gets to know and trust Sherlock despite police officer Sally Donovan warning him that Holmes is a psychopath and will one day be responsible for murder. Sherlock's brother Mycroft, at first not revealing his identity, kidnaps Watson and asks whether he'll spy on Sherlock for money, but John refuses. After a series of incidents, the person responsible for the deaths, a taxicab driver, reveals that his victims took their own lives by playing a game of Russian roulette with two pills: one fatally poisonous, the other safe. Watson shoots the cabbie and runs away. As he dies, the taxicab driver reveals that Moriarty was his sponsor.


Episode 2 


Sherlock is hired by an old friend to investigate a mysterious break-in at a bank in the City. He discovers that symbols spray-painted onto an office wall are a coded message intended for an employee of the bank, who is later discovered dead in his flat. The next day, a journalist is killed and the same symbols are found nearby. Sherlock and John follow a trail of clues that link the two dead men to a Chinese smuggling ring, who are trying to retrieve a valuable item that one of them stole. Sherlock eventually cracks the coded message based on Suzhou numerals and a book cipher, but not before John and Sarah (John's girlfriend) are kidnapped by the criminals. Sherlock rescues John and Sarah, but the leader of the gang escapes. After escaping, the leader of the gang is in communication with her superior, who is identified by the initial "M". She is then shot by a sniper.


Episode 3 


Sherlock is commissioned by Mycroft to investigate the suspicious death of a government employee, who was working on a top-secret defence project: the Bruce-Partington Project. After rejecting the case and handing it over to John, Sherlock begins to be taunted by a criminal who puts his victims into explosive vests and sets Sherlock deadlines to solve the apparently unrelated cases, which include a twenty-year-old cold case involving the shoes of a drowned boy, the disappearance of a businessman, the death of a TV personality, and the assassination of a guard of an art gallery by the "Golem". As Sherlock solves the cases, he finds links between them. After clearing up the original case of the civil servant, Sherlock tries to force his unseen adversary to reveal himself. Near the end of the episode, Sherlock and "Jim Moriarty" reach a standoff, where Jim reveals that he is responsible for the crimes. In the final seconds, Sherlock Holmes points his gun at a bomb on the floor that had been strapped to John.


Definitions:
    1. someone who has a serious mental illness that makes them behave in a very violent way towards people
    2. a lethal game of chance
    3. to solve a complicated problem, or to find the answer to a mystery
    4. to find the reason or explanation for something
    a magnifying glass / a loupe 
    5. to try to find out the facts about something in order to learn he truth about it
    6. an act of entering a building illegally using force, especially in order to steal things (Note: forgot to put in puzzle)
    7. an occasion when someone dies
    8. a series of pieces of connected evidence that prove that someone did something wrong or illegal
    9. a situation in which someone or something can no longer be found or seen10. a crime that the police are trying to solve
    11. to illegally take someone away and make them a prisoner, especially in order to make their family or government give you money or allow you to do what you want
    12. picture or shape used to represent something
    13. making you believe that something is wrong, dangerous, or illegal
    14. Another term for policeman or policewoman
    15. not connected to each other, such as two separate crimes that are not connected
    16. a disagreement or fight in which neither opponent can do anything to win or achieve their aim
    17. written using a secret system of words or signs
    18. to know something as a result of considering the information or evidence that you have; this is
    something Sherlock Holmes is very good at and is like a game to him
    19. capable of killing or inflicting injury; venomous
    20. an object or fact that someone discovers that helps them solve a crime or mystery; a piece of information that helps explain a situation or provide a solution to a problem
    21. adverb for ‘so severely that you die as a result’
    22. the crime of killing someone deliberately
    23. a connection between two things, people or events
    24. usually followed by on: to keep a secret or furtive watch
    25. a group of people involved in the secret and illegal importing or exporting of prohibited or dutiable goods
    26. an algorithm in which the key is some aspect of a book or other piece of text
    27. containing or involving very important and secret information, especially information that might affect a government
    28. an enemy or opponent
    29. someone who kills several people one after the other, often in the same way
    30. the murder of a famous or important person, especially for political reasons
    31. a sleeveless piece of clothing covering the upper body, packed with explosives and armed with a detonator
    32. a verbal phrase for solving a problem or a mystery
    33. to let something become known, for example a secret or information that was previously not known
    34. to kill yourself
    35. to sink under water and die
    36. to provoke or deride with mockery, contempt, or criticism
    37. someone who shoots at people from a hidden place from a long distance away, usually an expert rifleman


Extra exercise 1: (as an added exercise for the students in my classes) Below are the titles for each of the above episodes. Nothing in the synopses really gives you a clue which title goes with which episode. Using your creativity, can you match a title to each episode and imagine what is missing in the description that would give that title to that episode? If in groups, prepare a group presentation. If working the exercise alone, write out what is missing.


    Here are the three titles (not in order)
  • The Great Game
  • The Blind Banker
  • A Study in Pink
Answers to the definitions and the first extra exercise will be posted tomorrow.

Extra exercise 2: (as an added exercise for the students in my classes) Imagine you are one of the writers for the series 'Sherlock' and it's your job to write a synopsis of your scenario for the producers. Using as much of the vocabulary above from the puzzle and episode descriptions, write in one good paragraph, your own episode summary.



23 April 2014

Around the Net: Happy 450th Birthday to that Famous English Bard, William Shakespeare

Today is the day the world celebrates the 450th birthday of that famous English playwright, William Shakespeare. In truth, his actual birth-date is a mystery,  but he was baptized in Stratford-upon-Avon on 26 April, so 23 April is just an educated guess.  

In celebration of this day, I'm including several links to sites and articles about the man who probably had one of the greatest impacts on English literature to date.

HAPPY 450th BIRTHDAY WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE!



 News Articles

Other Sites


 

English in the News: T. Rex Arrives in Washington (National Geographic News)

April 15, 2014---The Nation's Tyrannosaurus rex, found in Montana, arrived early Tuesday morning at the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History. The public will be able to see scientists scanning and performing an inventory on one of the most complete T. rex fossils ever found. Among their tasks: to determine the proper way to mount the bones for display.


Watch the video and answer the comprehension questions.

1. True or False. The excavation of the T. Rex fossil took place a while ago?

2. What expression does he use to show the importance of the T. Rex’s arrival?

3. Why is this T. Rex so important to them? 

4. What roles will the T. Rex play in the new exhibit?

5. What opportunities will the T. Rex offer?

6. True or False. This is the first time this T. Rex has been on display.

7. True or False. Thanks to the Army Corps of Engineers, this T. Rex will be at the Smithsonian for 15 years.

8. Why does Lt. Gen. Bostick think it’s very important for the Smithsonian to have the most complete T. Rex at the Smithsonian in the nation’s capitol?

Come back to the blog tomorrow for the answers and key vocabulary.



Video of the Day: Insults & Funny Moments from the BBC's Television Series 'Sherlock'

high-functioning = refers to someone with a high IQ who often has another disability such as autism or Asperger syndrom
sociopath = a person with a psychopathic personality whose behaviour is antisocial, often criminal, and who lacks a sense of moral responsibility or social conscience
to move = to advance, to progress
to take something as gospel = (idiomatic expression) to believe something as certainly true. Expression taken from the first five books of the New Testament known as the Gospels. A gospel is an account of the life, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ.
you lot = all of you
vacant = empty
to split = to divide
the fee = money that you pay to a professional person or institution for their work
to think through = to consider the facts about something in an organized and thorough way
input = help in the form of ideas, advice, or information, used in a process or in making a decision
to envy = to have the unhappy feeling of wanting to be like someone else or have what they have
placid = peaceful and without a lot of action or movement
straight-forward = not complicated or difficult to understand
barely = used for saying that something almost does not happen or exist, or is almost not possible
to put someone off = to upset or trouble someone
a mastermind = someone who plans a difficult or complicated operation, especially a crime
a queen (as in a drama queen) = someone who tends to treat situations as more serious or exciting than they really are. This word shows that you are annoyed by people like this.
bliss = complete happiness
to suit someone = to be convenient or suitable, it makes you look good
to punch = to hit with a closed hand (a fist)
a dick = (extremely rude and impolite expression) man who you think is unpleasant and stupid, refers to the male sexual organ

22 April 2014

Vocabulary: Descriptive Adjectives

In my Tuesday evening A2/B1 level class we very briefly discussed descriptive adjectivesto make what we write more colorful (or colourful if you British English) and interesting. Here's a nice list for them.


Political Cartoon : Jefferson on Corporatocracy

corporatocracy = is a term used as an economic and political system controlled by corporations or corporate interests. It is a generally pejorative term often used by critics of the current economic situation in a particular country, especially the United States. (Wikipedia)

shall = will
Grammar point: to learn the difference between ‘shall’ and ‘will,’ go to: Grammar Girl: "Shall" Versus "Will"
to crush = to completely defeat someone who is opposing you, especially by using force or violence

monied (or moneyed) = rich, or relating to rich people

to dare (never progressive, i.e. no –ing form) = if you dare to do something, you are not afraid to do it, even though it may be dangerous or shocking or may cause trouble for you

to challenge = to refuse to accept someone's authority

a trial = the process of testing a product, plan, or person over a period of time

to bid defiance = to resist fearlessly and confidently
Grammar point: ‘bid,’ when used as in the above expression “to offer,” “to invite,” or “to command,” used to be inflected with the simple past form of “bade” and the past participle form of “bidden.” You can still find these forms in English, especially when used in the expression to say goodbye: '”to bid farewell.”
However, these forms, though you may still see them, are starting to disappear from contemporary English. Today it is more common to us the irregular, noninflected form of “bid,” which follows the model of other irregular verbs such as “cut” or “cost.”
If “bid” has any other meaning such as '”offering a particular amount of money” for something, then in today’s English, it is only used with its noninflected form.

21 April 2014

Posts from other blogs: Irish History - The 1916 Easter Rising (Learn English in Dublin)

In the Republic of Ireland today is a day of remembrance for the men and women who died in the Easter Rising which began on Easter Monday 1916. Until 1966, there was a parade of veterans, past the headquarters of the Irish Republication Army at the General Post Office (GPO) on O'Connell Street, and a reading of theProclamation of the Irish Republic. (Wikipedia)
To view this post on the blog “Learn English in Dublin”, go to:  http://www.blog.learnenglishindublin.com/irish-history-the-1916-easter-rising/


Easter is an important Christian holiday around the world but for Irish people it is also the commemoration of another important event: The 1916 Easter Rising which began the Irish war of Independence.
If you study in Learn English in Dublin, you are very close to the very centre of where the Rising took place. In fact, the bullet holes can still be seen on the pillars of the GPO in O’Connell Street and walking down pas Parnell Square to the GPO, you can see the laneway where the rebels gave themselves up.

Here’s a little more about the Rising:

The 1916 Easter Rising

The Easter Rebellion, was an armed uprising of Irish nationalists against the rule of Great Britain in Ireland. The uprising occurred on Easter Monday, April 24, 1916, and centred mainly in Dublin. The chief objectives were the attainment of political freedom and the establishment of an Irish republic. Centuries of discontent, marked by numerous rebellions, preceded the uprising. The new crisis began to develop in September 1914, following the outbreak of World War I, when the British government suspended the recently enacted Home Rule Bill, which guaranteed a measure of political autonomy to Ireland. Suspension of the bill stimulated the growth of the Citizen Army, an illegal force of Dublin citizens organised by the labour leader Jim Larkin (died 1948) and the socialist James Connolly (1870-1916); of the Irish Volunteers, a national defence body; and of Sinn Fein. The uprising was planned by leaders of these organisations, among whom were the British consular agent Sir Roger David Casement, the educator Padhraic Pearse (1879-1916), and the poet Thomas MacDonagh (1878-1916).
Hostilities began about noon on April 24, when about 2000 men led by Pearse seized control of the Dublin post office and other strategic points within the city. Shortly after these initial successes, the leaders of the rebellion proclaimed the Independence of Ireland and announced the establishment of a provisional government of the Irish Republic. Additional positions were occupied by the rebels during the night, and by the morning of April 25 they controlled a considerable part of Dublin. The counteroffensive by British forces began on Tuesday with the arrival of reinforcements. Martial law was proclaimed throughout Ireland. Bitter street fighting developed in Dublin, during which the strengthened British forces steadily dislodged the Irish from their positions. By the morning of April 29, the post office building, site of the rebel headquarters, was under violent attack. Recognising the futility of further resistance, Pearse surrendered unconditionally in the afternoon of April 29.
The British immediately brought the leaders of the uprising to trial before a field court-martial. Fifteen of the group, including Pearse, Connolly, and MacDonagh, were sentenced to death and executed by firing squad. Four others, including the American-born Eamonn de Valera received death sentences that were later commuted to life imprisonment, although de Valera and some others were granted amnesty the next year. Casement was convicted of treason and hanged. Many others prominently connected with the rebellion were sentenced to long prison terms. Casualties were about 440 British troops and an estimated 75 Irish. Property damage included the destruction of about 200 buildings in Dublin.
The uprising was the first of a series of events that culminated in the establishment of the Irish Free State (predecessor of the Republic of Ireland) in 1921. After the executions and imprisonments, the Irish independence movement grew and finally, in 1921, a Treaty was signed which was the basis for Irish Independence. However, it was a very controversial treaty and started the Irish Civil War which caused the death of many famous Irish leaders including Micheal Collins who was the most famous persona of the War of Independence and a signatory of the Treaty.

Why not ask an Irish person about the Rising?

Irish people know a lot about the Rising and many had grand-parents and great grand-parents who fought in the different locations around Dublin…..so why not ask them a little bit about that important part of history this Easter?
Happy Easter!