Halloween: The Jack O’ Lantern

Slide your cursor over the words in bold to learn their definition.

I am personally not a fan of Halloween though it is much celebrated in the United States. One of the big traditions for this night is a pumpkin carving known as the Jack O’ Lantern.

People are becoming more and more creative when they carve their pumpkin. When you carve a pumpkin, you cut off the top  and scoop out the flesh. On the side of the pumpkin, a monstrous or humorous face is carved. Usually the pumpkin sits next to the front door of the house. A candle is lit to illuminate the carving and placed inside. The cut off top replaced as a lid.

The tradition was brought over to the United States with the Irish immigrants. In Ireland and Britain, it was commonplace to carve lanterns out of vegetables such as turnips, potatoes, beets, etc.. These lanterns were carved and placed on the door step on All Hallows’ Eve to ward off evil spirits.

The origins are based in Irish folktales and there are several different versions. Here’s a version I found on the net:

“The Irish brought the tradition of the Jack O' Lantern to America. But, the original Jack O' Lantern was not a pumpkin.The Jack O' Lantern legend goes back hundreds of years in Irish History. As the story goes, Stingy Jack was a miserable, old drunk who liked to play tricks on everyone: family, friends, his mother and even the Devil himself. One day, he tricked the Devil into climbing up an apple tree. Once the Devil climbed up the apple tree, Stingy Jack hurriedly placed crosses around the trunk of the tree. The Devil was then unable to get down the tree. Stingy Jack made the Devil promise him not to take his soul when he died. Once the devil promised not to take his soul, Stingy Jack removed the crosses and let the Devil down.

Many years later, when Jack finally died, he went to the pearly gates of Heaven and was told by Saint Peter that he was too mean and too cruel, and had led a miserable and worthless life on earth. He was not allowed to enter heaven. He then went down to Hell and the Devil. The Devil kept his promise and would not allow him to enter Hell. Now Jack was scared and had nowhere to go but to wander about forever in the darkness between heaven and hell. He asked the Devil how he could leave as there was no light. The Devil tossed him an ember from the flames of Hell to help him light his way. Jack placed the ember in a hollowed out turnip, one of his favorite foods which he always carried around with him whenever he could steal one. From that day onward, Stingy Jack roamed the earth without a resting place, lighting his way as he went with his "Jack O' Lantern". (The Pumpkin Nook)

Here’s a second version:

“Another version of the myth says that Jack was getting chased by some villagers from whom he had stolen, when he met the Devil, who claimed it was time for him to die. However, the thief stalled his death by tempting the Devil with a chance to bedevil the church-going villagers chasing him. Jack told the Devil to turn into a coin with which he would pay for the stolen goods (the Devil could take on any shape he wanted); later, when the coin/Devil disappeared, the Christian villagers would fight over who had stolen it. The Devil agreed to this plan. He turned himself into a silver coin and jumped into Jack's wallet, only to find himself next to a cross Jack had also picked up in the village. Jack had closed the wallet tight, and the cross stripped the Devil of his powers; and so he was trapped.

Jack only lets the Devil go when he agrees never to take his soul. After a while the thief died, as all living things do. Of course, his life had been too sinful for Jack to go to heaven; however, the Devil had promised not to take his soul, and so he was barred from hell as well. Jack now had nowhere to go. He asked how he would see where to go, as he had no light, and the Devil mockingly tossed him an ember that would never burn out from the flames of hell. Jack carved out one of his turnips (which was his favorite food), put the ember inside it, and began endlessly wandering the Earth for a resting place. He became known as ‘Jack of the Lantern’, or Jack-o'-Lantern.” (Wikipedia)

Here are a few more creative Jack O’ Lanterns:

More of these pumpkin carvings can be seen at : http://www.coolpicturegallery.us/2010/10/cool-halloween-pumpkin-jack-o-lanterns.html

Culture Spot: A Folktale from Georgia – Brer Rabbit meets a Tar Baby

I’m back in my home state of Georgia this week and I thought I’d share with you a folktale that comes from my state. The story comes from a collection of tales made popular by Georgia native son Joel Chandler Harris. His folktales are a blend of the tales he collected from the Cherokee Indians and the slaves. Harris’s cycle of tales are known as the Uncle Remus stories in the South. Later, Disney would retell the stories in the animated film “Song of the South.” Today’s post was taken from the internet site American Folktales. It is full of idiomatic expressions typically found in the South.

Brer Rabbit meets a Tar Baby retold by S. E. Schlosser

Well now, that rascal Brer Fox hated Brer Rabbit on account of he was always cutting capers and bossing everyone around. So Brer Fox decided to capture and kill Brer Rabbit if it was the last thing he ever did! He thought and he thought until he came up with a plan. He would make a tar baby! Brer Fox went and got some tar and he mixed it with some turpentine and he sculpted it into the figure of a cute little baby. Then he stuck a hat on the Tar Baby and sat her in the middle of the road.

Brer Fox hid himself in the bushes near the road and he waited and waited for Brer Rabbit to come along. At long last, he heard someone whistling and chuckling to himself, and he knew that Brer Rabbit was coming up over the hill. As he reached the top, Brer Rabbit spotted the cute little Tar Baby. Brer Rabbit was surprised. He stopped and stared at this strange creature. He had never seen anything like it before!

"Good Morning," said Brer Rabbit, doffing his hat. "Nice weather we're having."

The Tar Baby said nothing. Brer Fox laid low and grinned an evil grin.

Brer Rabbit tried again. "And how are you feeling this fine day?"

The Tar Baby, she said nothing. Brer Fox grinned an evil grin and lay low in the bushes.

Brer Rabbit frowned. This strange creature was not very polite. It was beginning to make him mad.

"Ahem!" said Brer Rabbit loudly, wondering if the Tar Baby were deaf. "I said 'HOW ARE YOU THIS MORNING?"

The Tar Baby said nothing. Brer Fox curled up into a ball to hide his laugher. His plan was working perfectly!

"Are you deaf or just rude?" demanded Brer Rabbit, losing his temper. "I can't stand folks that are stuck up! You take off that hat and say 'Howdy-do' or I'm going to give you such a lickin'!"

The Tar Baby just sat in the middle of the road looking as cute as a button and saying nothing at all. Brer Fox rolled over and over under the bushes, fit to bust because he didn't dare laugh out loud.

"I'll learn ya!" Brer Rabbit yelled. He took a swing at the cute little Tar Baby and his paw got stuck in the tar.

"Lemme go or I'll hit you again," shouted Brer Rabbit. The Tar Baby, she said nothing.

"Fine! Be that way," said Brer Rabbit, swinging at the Tar Baby with his free paw. Now both his paws were stuck in the tar, and Brer Fox danced with glee behind the bushes.

"I'm gonna kick the stuffin' out of you," Brer Rabbit said and pounced on the Tar Baby with both feet. They sank deep into the Tar Baby. Brer Rabbit was so furious he head-butted the cute little creature until he was completely covered with tar and unable to move.

Brer Fox leapt out of the bushes and strolled over to Brer Rabbit. "Well, well, what have we here?" he asked, grinning an evil grin.

Brer Rabbit gulped. He was stuck fast. He did some fast thinking while Brer Fox rolled about on the road, laughing himself sick over Brer Rabbit's dilemma.

"I've got you this time, Brer Rabbit," said Brer Fox, jumping up and shaking off the dust. "You've sassed me for the very last time. Now I wonder what I should do with you?"

Brer Rabbit's eyes got very large. "Oh please Brer Fox, whatever you do, please don't throw me into the briar patch."

"Maybe I should roast you over a fire and eat you," mused Brer Fox. "No, that's too much trouble. Maybe I'll hang you instead."

"Roast me! Hang me! Do whatever you please," said Brer Rabbit. "Only please, Brer Fox, please don't throw me into the briar patch."

"If I'm going to hang you, I'll need some string," said Brer Fox. "And I don't have any string handy. But the stream's not far away, so maybe I'll drown you instead."

"Drown me! Roast me! Hang me! Do whatever you please," said Brer Rabbit. "Only please, Brer Fox, please don't throw me into the briar patch."

"The briar patch, eh?" said Brer Fox. "What a wonderful idea! You'll be torn into little pieces!"

Grabbing up the tar-covered rabbit, Brer Fox swung him around and around and then flung him head over heels into the briar patch. Brer Rabbit let out such a scream as he fell that all of Brer Fox's fur stood straight up. Brer Rabbit fell into the briar bushes with a crash and a mighty thump. Then there was silence.

Brer Fox cocked one ear toward the briar patch, listening for whimpers of pain. But he heard nothing. Brer Fox cocked the other ear toward the briar patch, listening for Brer Rabbit's death rattle. He heard nothing.

Then Brer Fox heard someone calling his name. He turned around and looked up the hill. Brer Rabbit was sitting on a log combing the tar out of his fur with a wood chip and looking smug.

"I was bred and born in the briar patch, Brer Fox," he called. "Born and bred in the briar patch."

And Brer Rabbit skipped away as merry as a cricket while Brer Fox ground his teeth in rage and went home.

brer, br’er (African slave dialect)	-	frère
a rascal	-	un fripon, un vaurien, un coquin
on account of (idiomatic)	-	en raison de
to cut a caper / to cut capers (idiomatic)	-	faire des pitreries
to boss around (idiomatic)	-	dominer, donner des ordres
tar (uncount noun)	-	le goudron, le bitume
turpentine (uncount noun)	-	la térébenthine
to come along	-	arriver
to whistle to oneself	-	siffloter
to chuckle to oneself	-	glousser
to spot	-	apercevoir, répérer
to stare	-	regarder fixement
to doff	-	enlever, retirer
to grin	-	sourire
an evil grin	-	un sourire maléfique
to frown	-	froncer les sourcils
ahem!	-	hum!
deaf	-	sourd
to curl up into a ball	-	se recroqueviller
rude	-	impoli, mal élévé
to demand	-	exiger
to lose one’s temper	-	se mettre en colère
folks	-	des gens
stuck-up (idiomatic)	-	snob, vaniteux, fat
a howdy-do (American idiomatic salutation)	-	un salut, un bonjour
to give someone a lickin’ (licking) (Southern idiomatic expression)	-	donner une raclée
cute as a button (idiomatic expression)	-	trognon, joli comme un coeur
fit to bust (Southern idiomatic expression)	-	prêt à exploser
‘I’ll learn ya!’ (very bad English – a typical Southern expression indicative of a lack of a good education)	-	‘Je vais te donner une bonne leçon!’
to take a swing (idiomatic)	-	lancer un coup de poing à

a paw	-	une patte
‘Lemme go!’ = ‘Let me go'!’	-	‘Lâche moi!’
‘Fine! Be that way’ (idiomatic expression)	-	‘Ok! On fait comme ça!’
glee	-	la joie
to kick the stuffin’ out of someone (Southern idiomatic expression)	-	tabasser, batter comme plâtre (lit. donner un coup du pied à quelqu’un pour faire sortir la farce)
to pounce on	-	bondir sur
to headbutt	-	donner un coup de tête
to leap (irreg. verb – leapt, leapt)	-	sauter, bondir
to gulp	-	avoir la gorge serrée
fast (adj.)	-	bien fermé, bien attaché
to sass (idiomatic)	-	être insolent avec
a briar patch	-	des sous-bois épineux
to muse	-	songer
handy (adj.)	-	sous la main
a stream	-	un ruisseau
to drown	-	noyer
to grab up	-	s’emparer de, saisir
to swing someone/something around (irreg. verb – swung, swung)	-	faire tournoyer
to fling (irreg. verb – flung, flung)	-	lancer, jeter
a thump	-	un bruit sourd
to cock an ear	-	dresser l’oreille
a whimper	-	un gémissement
a death rattle	-	un râle d’agonie
a log	-	un rondin
to comb	-	se peigner
smug (adj.)	-	suffisant, fat
to be bred	-	être élevé
to skip away	-	s’en aller en sautillant
a cricket	-	un grillon